《黄帝内经·素问·五脏别论》中,黄帝首先提出了这样一个问题:“我听说方士们或说脑、髓是脏,或说肠、胃是脏,或说是腑。虽然所说相互矛盾,但都自称正确。不知其故,愿听讲解。”
黄帝的医学教师岐伯回答说:“脑、髓、骨、脉、胆、女子胞,此六者是地气所生,与蕴藏万物的大地相同,所以藏精气而不泻,名曰奇恒之腑。而胃、大肠、小肠、三焦、膀胱,此五者是天气所生,与天同类,所以饮食之物在其中不能久留,泻而不藏,名曰传化之腑。”
接着岐伯又说:“所谓五脏者,藏精气而不泻,故满而不能实;六腑者,传化物而不藏,故实而不能满也。”(据《黄帝内经》其他篇章,其所谓“五脏”,包括心、肺、肝、脾、肾;其所谓六腑,包括大肠、小肠、胆、胃、膀胱、三焦。)
In the chapter about the five Zang-Organs in Huang Di Nei Jing (Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Medicine), Huang Di (Yellow Emperor) asked why sometimes the brain and marrow were regarded as the Zang-organs, sometimes the intestines and stomach were regarded as the Zang-organs or Fu-organs. Qi Bo, who taught Huang Di (Yellow Emperor) medicine, said, “The brain, marrow, bones, vessels, gallbladder and uterus are similar to the earth that contains everything. They just contains Essence but do not discharge it. That is why they are called extraordinary Fu-Organs. While the stomach, the large intestine, small intestine, San Jiao (Triple Energizer) and bladder are similar to the heaven in nature. They receive food but do not store it up. That means they transport food but do not store it up. That is why they are called the Fu-organs responsible for transportation and transformation. Since the so-called the five Zang-Organs just store Essence but do not discharge it, they can be full but not solid. Since the six Fu-Organs transport and transform food without storing it up, they can be solid but cannot be full.”
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